In designing the VT-SE, innovative features have been incorporated, such as the accesible control knobs and easy to read scales. This subjective refractor vision tester features automatic near-point convergence mechanism, geared synchronized cross-cylinder, a rotary prims graduated in 1 increments, large control knobs, cross reticle, corneal alignment window adn forehead rest indicator. There is a wide selection of auxiliary lenses including a transparent filter with cross lines, and a sealed lens system for dust-and-fingerprint-free operation. The corneal aligning device for establishment of vertex distance is easily accesible on the front of the instrument. The durable construction and sealed optical system contributes to the instrument's reliability and eliminates the need for scheduled maintenance. Includes multiple Maddox rods (red vertical and horizontal, white vertical and horizontal), red and green lenses for right and left eyes, and 6D prism (base up) and 10D prism (base in). Unit is available in light grey or black. The spherical range is +16.75D to -19.00D in 0.25D steps; the cylinder range is 0.00 to 6.00D in 0.25 steps; the axis is graduated in 5 degree steps, and the prisms are 0.00 to 20D in both directions in 1D steps; the pupillary distance is 50mm to 78mm in 1mm graduations. The cross cylinders are flip type +-0.50D synchronized. Auxiliary lenses include open aperture, occluder, polarizing filter, pin hole, +-0.50D stationary cross cylinder, +1.50D retinoscopic lens, and a transparent filter with cross lines.